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The web is a vast space, and each site needs a way for visitors to find them. Domains are its virtual address, leading people from all over the world to visit your site.
But just like an address, not all domains are exactly the same. They not only have different wording, but they also each have their own beginning.
While you may have overlooked this part of the domain before, this ending is called the extension of a domain, also known as top-level domain, and it's an important part of what determines a domain's character.